1. Which method relies on Cuisenaire rods and extended teacher silence to shift responsibility for learning onto the learner?
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The Silent Way ✓
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Audiolingualism
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Suggestopedia
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Total Physical Response
The Silent Way, developed by Gattegno, uses coloured Cuisenaire rods and minimal teacher talk so that learners discover language rules for themselves.
2. On what psychological foundation is the Audiolingual Method based?
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Constructivism
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Behaviourism ✓
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Humanism
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Cognitivism
Audiolingualism is grounded in behaviourist psychology: language learning is treated as habit formation through stimulus, response, and reinforcement.
3. According to Canale and Swain, which component of communicative competence refers to combining grammatical forms and meanings to achieve a unified spoken or written text?
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Grammatical competence
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Strategic competence
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Discourse competence ✓
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Sociolinguistic competence
Discourse competence concerns cohesion and coherence across a text or exchange, beyond isolated sentences.
4. In Willis's Task-Based Language Teaching framework, what happens during the "task cycle" phase?
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Learners are introduced to the topic and useful vocabulary
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Learners examine specific language features that arose from the task
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The teacher explicitly presents a grammar rule
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Learners perform the task, plan a report, then report back to the class ✓
The task cycle is when learners actually carry out the task, plan how to report on it, and then report back — language focus comes only afterwards.
5. Which of the 5 Cs in the standards-based approach involves extending learning experiences from the EFL classroom to the outside world?
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Communities ✓
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Comparisons
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Connections
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Cultures
"Communities" is defined in the guidelines as learners extending their learning experiences from the classroom to the outside world, e.g. through internet use.
6. What distinguishes Competency-Based Language Teaching from a traditional grammar-based syllabus?
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It rejects all forms of assessment
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It is organised around explicit, observable can-do outcomes rather than grammatical content ✓
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It focuses exclusively on written language
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It requires total silence from the teacher
CBLT structures the curriculum around competency statements describing what learners must be able to do in real-world situations, assessed against those criteria.
7. Which type of standard tells us "how well" learners should perform, according to the standards-based approach?
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Content standards
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Performance standards
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Proficiency standards ✓
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Curriculum standards
Content standards state what learners should know and do; performance standards show progress towards a standard; proficiency standards indicate how well learners should perform.
8. Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis holds that which factor raises a mental barrier that blocks comprehensible input from being acquired?
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High vocabulary knowledge
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Extensive grammar practice
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Frequent peer feedback
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Anxiety and low self-confidence ✓
The Affective Filter Hypothesis argues that negative emotions such as anxiety and low self-confidence raise a filter that prevents input from being processed for acquisition.
9. A learner who studies English mainly to pass an exam and secure a better job is displaying which type of motivation, in Gardner's model?
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Instrumental motivation ✓
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Integrative motivation
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Intrinsic motivation
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Amotivation
Instrumental motivation is the desire to learn a language for a practical purpose, such as an exam or a job — as opposed to integrative motivation, which is about identifying with the target community.
10. Which learning style is best served by activities involving movement and physical manipulation of objects?
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Visual
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Kinaesthetic ✓
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Auditory
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Field-independent
Kinaesthetic (tactile) learners learn best through movement and hands-on activity, which is also the rationale behind Total Physical Response.
11. Which of Gardner's multiple intelligences is most directly addressed by pair and group collaborative tasks?
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Intrapersonal
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Naturalistic
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Interpersonal ✓
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Logical-mathematical
Interpersonal intelligence concerns the ability to interact effectively with others, which pair and group work directly engages.
12. Reading for the general idea of a text without focusing on specific details is known as:
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Scanning
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Intensive reading
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Extensive reading
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Skimming ✓
Skimming means reading quickly for gist/overall idea, while scanning means searching for specific information.
13. In the discovery-based grammar task sequence, which step directly follows the "noticing" task?
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Consciousness-raising task ✓
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Free production
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Contrast strategy
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Checking task
After learners notice the target structure in a text, they move to a consciousness-raising task in which they work out how the structure functions from the data provided.
14. Which dimension of word knowledge concerns the fact that a word such as "exam" naturally combines with "take" or "pass" but not with just any verb?
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Polysemy
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Collocation ✓
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Register
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Morphology
Collocation refers to knowledge of which words conventionally co-occur, e.g. "take/pass an exam."
15. "Defining," "cause and effect," and "concessions" are examples of which type of language function?
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Social functions
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Grammatical functions
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Rhetorical functions ✓
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Phonological functions
Rhetorical functions are language functions typically used in academic spoken or written texts, distinct from everyday social/communicative functions like apologising or complaining.
16. At which stage of vocabulary learning are learners equipped with efficient techniques for recording and revising the words they meet?
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Meeting new words
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Enriching previously met vocabulary
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Developing fluency with known vocabulary
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Developing vocabulary strategies ✓
"Developing vocabulary strategies" is the stage devoted to learner training in recording and revising vocabulary — distinct from simply meeting or enriching it.
17. A test administered before instruction to identify each learner's specific strengths and weaknesses is called a:
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Diagnostic test ✓
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Proficiency test
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Achievement test
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Placement test
A diagnostic test is designed to identify specific strengths and weaknesses, typically before or during instruction, so that teaching can be adjusted accordingly.
18. Which two guiding principles should a teacher keep in mind when evaluating and adjusting a lesson plan?
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Speed and silence
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Variety and flexibility ✓
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Translation and repetition
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Grammar and vocabulary
The guidelines stress variety (activity types catering for different learners) and flexibility (the readiness to depart from the plan when needed).
19. Applying the same explicit grading criteria to every learner in the class is primarily an expression of which ethical practice?
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Empathy
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Confidentiality
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Fairness ✓
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Professionalism
Fairness means applying the same standards and criteria, made explicit in advance, to every learner without discrimination.
20. During which phase of group work does the teacher circulate and observe without intervening unless asked for help?
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Moving-in phase
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Moving-out phase
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Free production phase
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Monitoring phase ✓
The monitoring phase is when the teacher walks around observing groups at work, stepping in only when learners request assistance.